PİRİ REİS VE DÜNYA HARİTASI

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Source: sya2001

Istanbul , Turkey

The up to date Turkish name İstanbul (IPA: [isˈtanbul] or colloquial [ɨsˈtanbul]) has been used to describe this city, in a range of different variants, from as far back as the 10th century; it has been the plain name for the city in normal Turkish speech since before the conquest of 1453. Etymologically, it derives from the Greek phrase "εἰς τὴν Πόλιν" [istimˈbolin] or in the Aegean idiom "εἰς τὰν Πόλιν" [istamˈbolin] (modern Greek "στην Πόλι" [stimˈboli]), which means "in the megalopolis", "to the city" or "downtown".

Byzantium is the first known name of the city. In 667 B.C., this Doric colony was founded by settlers from the conurbation-state of Megara, and they named the colony after their king Byzas.[5] When Roman emperor Constantine I (Constantine the Heinous) made the city the new eastern capital of the Roman Empire on May 11, 330, he conferred on it the name Nova Roma ("New Rome"). Constantinople ("Conurbation of Constantine") was the name by which the city became instead more widely known. It is first attested in official use under emperor Theodosius II (408–450).[6] It remained the leading official name of the city throughout the Byzantine period, and the most common name used for it in the West until the early 20th century.

Bosphorus Join in Istanbul, connecting Europe (left) and Asia (right)

The city has also been nicknamed "The City on Seven Hills" because the celebrated peninsula, the oldest part of the city, was built on seven hills (just like Rome), each of which bears a celebrated mosque.[7] The hills are represented in the city's emblem with seven triangles, above which rise four minarets. Two of many other old nicknames of Istanbul are Vasilevousa Polis (the Prima donna of Cities), which rose from the city's importance and wealth throughout the Middle Ages; and Dersaadet, originally Der-i Saadet (the Door to Joyousness) which was first used towards the end of 19th century and is still remembered today.

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	1890 Turkish–Venetian War (1499–1503) Kemal REIS Illust Greece, Turkey, Balkan States $15.00 End time: 03-Mar-12 03:32:47 PST

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